The University of Sheffield has received a collection of materials that offer a unique insight into the lives and methods of the early antibiotic pioneers who worked to develop effective treatments for tuberculosis (TB) in the early nineteenth century. 

​The collection, assembled and donated by Sheffield Medical School alumnus, emeritus consultant physician and Honorary Sheffield Medical School Senior Lecturer, Dr Frank Ryan, paints a very real account of early drug discovery which will now be preserved in the University Library Special Collections. Once catalogued, this will allow students and researchers to learn more about the history of medicine and the impact new antibiotics had on the treatment of TB.

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​Link to full article here:
https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/mbb/news/donation-offering-insight-into-development-of-effective-treatments-for-tuberculosis-1.875337

This week, Catherine Yu shares her  experiences of working at the University of Sheffield MBB department and the Florey Institute over the summer as part of Princeton University's the International Internship Program. 

​The Florey Institute at the University of Sheffield has been hosting students from the International Internship Program over the summer months. This program is an opportunity for students from Princeton University to take part in internships across the world. Our students have been working hard and Julia Edgar has taken some time to tell us about her experiences of the UK.
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Last month, Florey Institute members Dr Claire Turner and Dr Thushan de Silva travelled to the MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM for the first collaborators meeting and symposium for group A Streptococcus in West Africa. 

​They were joined by Dr Annette Erhart, Prof Martin Antonio, Dr Abdul Karim Sesay, Prof. Beate Kampmann, Dr. Anna Roca and Dr Edwin Armitage from the MRC Unit The Gambia at LSHTM, Prof Pierre Smeesters from Universite libre de Bruxelles, Belgium, Dr. Soumeya Ouangraoua from Centre Muraz, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso and Dr. Abdallah Sonko from Hôpital pour enfants Albert Royer, Dakar, Senegal. This was the first face-to-face meeting of all those involved in the GCRF ODA, University of Sheffield funded project on group A Streptococcal Pyoderma in The Gambia ‘SpyDERM’ and the MRC BactiVac Network funded project Molecular Epidemiology of Group A Streptococcus in West Africa (MEGAS).

​RHD is a significant cause of cardiac morbidity and mortality in The Gambia with group A Streptococcus (GAS) being the trigger for this post-infection immune sequelae. Skin infections (pyoderma) may be more commonly associated with RHD in this region compared to pharyngitis in other countries. There is remarkably little data on the molecular epidemiology of GAS isolates from West Africa, which makes assessing regional suitability of vaccines in development extremely difficult. Through the collaborations that have now been formed between the Florey Institute in Sheffield, Belgium, The Gambia, Burkina Faso and Senegal, we will be providing crucial epidemiology and molecular insight into GAS disease in West Africa, supporting the development of a desperately needed vaccine.

​​The meeting provided project updates and inspiring research presentations and discussions. The week ended with a workshop on Bioinformatics hosted by Dr Claire Turner and Saikou Bah. Saikou is a Gambian post-doctoral scientist and bioinformatician, who will be joining the University of Sheffield in July as a GCRF post-doctoral fellow working with Claire and Thushan to explore the pathogenesis of GAS isolates from The Gambia and UK. 

The Florey Institute is delighted to have been featured at the Medical Research Council (MRC) Festival of Medical Research in Sheffield. The event took place on 15th and 16th of June, in the Winter Gardens and Norfolk Heritage Park respectively. The theme of the festival was ‘Fighting the good fight: how medical research helps us combat disease', and it aimed to showcase the diversity and latest medical research at the University of Sheffield.
 
A team of students from the Florey Institute, led by Yin Xin Ho, Dan Bennison and Dr. Daria Shamarina introduced you to the concept of the microbiome and immune system through various activities. We demonstrated this with a display of face microbiome from different volunteers. To explain the immune system and how it helps us fight infections, we prepared microscopic slides with white blood cells such as neutrophils containing S. aureus. We also discussed about the research in the Florey Institute, and how researchers with different backgrounds such as biology and physics work together to understand and fight against infections.
 
To know more about our research, please feel free to visit our website and to follow us on Twitter.  If you took part in our microbiome plate activity then you can find all the pictures by following the link below, just look for the number we gave you on your ticket!  

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1e97JWKQwXoU_bJoO3AcZ2UrKaBSQZaz8
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​Last weekend, the Florey Institute visited the Inverness Science Festival and we hope you had as much fun as we did. In conjunction with The Microbiology Society, our volunteers took along a number of engaging and illuminating activities, geared around getting you up close and personal with your very own microbiome.

The team, led by Dr. Daria Shamarina, introduced you to the concept of your skin as a living, breathing protective barrier. We showed you how it can become damaged, and crucially, how commensal (or ‘helpful’) bacteria and fungi play a fundamental role as foot soldiers protecting this defensive perimeter. Informed by recently published research carried out here at The Florey Institute, we also discussed how the distinction between organisms that are desirable to have on and within our bodies, and those that are not, is often far from clear, and that not all microorganisms come in peace!

With this in mind, we encouraged festivalgoers to have a go at propagating their microbiomes on pre-prepared agar plates, which we then transported back to the University of Sheffield and incubated - many of these are very beautiful and we encourage you all to check out them out at www.floreyinstitute.com/invisible-worlds-2019.html 

“Our research has shown that the ‘normal’ human microbiome can even help the opportunistic disease causing bacterium Staphylococcus aureus establish infection. The interaction between our microbiome, potentially dangerous organisms and our bodies is complex and far-reaching. It is fantastic to be able to bring it to life and show people in this way!” – Dr. Daria Shamarina

If you’ve got a passion for microbiology or if you enjoyed our activities at this event and would like to know more, check out our website, our research, and be sure to follow us on social media. If you’re really keen, you could even consider becoming a member of the Microbiology Society, who offer reduced rates for students.

The bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes is a common cause of sore throat and tonsillitis. It is also currently causing an unprecedented upsurge in scarlet fever infections in the UK. During infection, S. pyogenes can release superantigen toxins that aid the bacteria in causing disease and lead to the symptoms of scarlet fever. Superantigens work by bypassing the normal immune response to trigger an increase in the blood immune “T” cells, leading to inflammation that can be harmful to the patient. S. pyogenes can produce different combinations of different superantigen types, which may contribute to disease in slightly different 
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Florey Institute member Dr Claire Turner and colleagues Dr Mark Reglinski and Prof Shiranee Sriskandan at Imperial College London recently identified two new superantigen genes in S. pyogenes, which they termed speQ and speR.  This work was published in the Journal of Infection. 
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​Reglinski et al. identified these genes initially in the genomes of two S. pyogenes isolates originally cultured from patients back in the 1930s. After searching the genomes of over 4000 other S. pyogenes isolates, they found these genes in other strain types of S. pyogenes too. Reglinski et al. confirmed that these new superantigens function in a similar way to other superantigens. 
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